The island contains relatively limited strata of sedimentation surrounding its ancient uplands. Sri Lanka does not experience earthquakes or major volcanic events because it rides on the center of the plate. About 45 million years ago, the Indian plate collided with the Asian landmass, raising the Himalayas in northern India, and continuing to advance slowly to the present time. Beginning about 200 million years ago, forces within the Earth's mantle began to separate the lands of the Southern Hemisphere, and a crustal plate supporting both India and Sri Lanka moved toward the northeast. The theory of plate tectonics suggests that these rocks and related rocks forming most of south India were part of a single southern landmass called Gondwanaland. The metamorphic rock surface was created by the transformation of ancient sediments under intense heat and pressure during mountain-building processes. Jurassic sediments are present today in very small areas near the western coast and Miocene limestones underlie the northwestern part of the country and extend south in a relatively narrow belt along the west coast.
Sri lanka map distance between cities series#
The granulite facies rocks of the Highland Series ( gneisses, sillimanite- graphite gneisses, quartzite, marbles, and some charnockites) make up most of the island and the amphibolite facies gneisses, granites, and granitic gneisses of the Vinjayan Series occur in the eastern and southeastern lowlands. More than 90% of Sri Lanka's surface lies on Precambrian strata, some of it dating back 2 billion years. Natural resources include limestone, graphite, mineral sands, gems, phosphates, clay
The highest point is Pidurutalagala at 2,524 m (8,281 ft). Its terrain is mostly low, flat to rolling plain, with mountains in the south-central interior.
Sri Lanka's climate includes tropical monsoons: the northeast monsoon (December to March), and the southwest monsoon (June to October). The formation is also known as Rama's Bridge, as according to Hindu mythology, it was constructed during the rule of Lord Rama. According to temple records, this natural causeway was formerly complete, but was breached by a violent storm (probably a cyclone) in 1480. The largest offshore island, Mannar Island, leads to Adam's Bridge.Īdam's Bridge, a land connection to the Indian mainland, is now mostly submerged with only a chain of limestone shoals remaining above sea level.
Dozens of offshore islands account for the remaining 342 km 2 area. The main island of Sri Lanka has an area of 65,268 km 2 it is the twenty-fifth largest island of the world by area. Its coastline is 1,340 kilometres (830 mi) long. The nation has a total area of 65,610 square kilometres (25,330 sq mi), with 64,630 square kilometres (24,950 sq mi) of land and 980 square kilometres (380 sq mi) of water. Sri Lanka, formerly called "Ceylon", is an island nation in the Indian Ocean, southeast of the Indian subcontinent, in a strategic location near major Indian Ocean sea lanes. Map of Asia showing the location of Sri Lanka
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